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REGIONAL NEWS - U.S. & CANADA 6 E&MJ; • JANUARY 2017 www.e-mj.com Copper North Re-engineers its Carmacks Project Copper North Mining has completed a new preliminary economic assessment (PEA) of its open-pit Carmacks cop- per-gold-silver project on the southern end of the Dawson district in south-cen- tral Yukon, Canada. The new PEA im- proves on and replaces an earlier PEA completed in June 2014. The re-engineered project utilizes ag- itated tank leach processing of copper oxide mineralization to produce cathode copper, followed by agitated tank leach cyanidation and carbon-in-leach (CIL) processing for recovery of gold and silver in doré. The 2014 PEA was based on heap leaching for copper recovery, followed by gold and silver recovery by cyaniding of the copper leach residues. Copper North CEO Dr. Harlan Meade said, "The use of agitated tank leaching provides for high recoveries of gold along- side the leaching of copper. The appli- cation of agitated tank leach technology has also reduced operating and environ - mental risk, compared to the previously proposed heap leach of copper. "The agitated tank leach provides for rapid leaching of the copper followed by gold-silver and improved recoveries. The C1 cost of copper production is $1.08 per pound (lb) after byproduct gold and silver credits. All-in sustaining cost is $1.16/lb. The production costs place Carmacks proj- ect in the lower decile of the cost curve of projects in the development pipeline." The Carmacks project PEA assumes a seven-year mine life, producing an av- erage of 30 million lb per year (lb/y) of cathode copper, 19,500 ounces (oz) per year of gold, and 21,600 oz/y of silver. Pre-production capex is estimated at C$214.7 million. Next steps for the project include preparation of a prefeasibility study, on- going engineering in pursuit of capex and opex reduction opportunities, and expan - sion of mine life by adding another three years of new oxide mineral resources not included in the PEA. Canadian Zinc and Buchans Consider Centralized Concentrator Canadian Zinc and Buchans Minerals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Minco Plc, have reported initial results from a pro- cess development research program that may lead to development of a centralized concentrator for their respective central Newfoundland zinc-lead-copper-silver- gold deposits, five deposits in total. The initial metallurgical test program was completed by Thibault & Associates Inc. of Fredericton, New Brunswick. A bench-scale dense media separation (DMS) test program was completed to as- sess the amenability of mineralized sam- ples from the deposits to physical upgrad- ing (pre-concentration) at each site. Use of DMS processing technology would pro- vide a potential means of reducing trans- portation costs from the mine sites to the flotation concentrator and of maximizing head grade and reducing downstream pro- cessing costs. An economic assessment of processing ores using DMS technology is in progress to determine if there is a net benefit in reducing the mass of ore to be processed compared to the loss of payable metals to the waste product. Preliminary bench-scale test results also confirmed that selective zinc, lead and copper concentrates can be produced at marketable grades using a common flotation flowsheet. The positive results from these tests support the development of sequential flotation technology and a flowsheet for processing of the deposits using a centralized processing facility. The research project initially focused on four volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits on the south side of Red Indi- an Lake. Two of the deposits are held by Canadian Zinc, and two are held by Bu- chans. In June, the research program was extended to include Buchans' Lundberg copper-lead-zinc-silver deposit on the north side of Red Indian Lake. The metallurgical test programs are being followed up with development of a process simulation and cost assessment model to evaluate and identify the key factors impacting the operating econom- ics of a centralized processing plant. The overall Canadian Zinc/Buchans research programs are being partially funded by the Research & Development Corporation of Newfoundland and Labra- dor through its industry-led GeoEXPLORE program. The Carmacks project in Canada's Dawson district will pursue tank leaching in favor of heap leaching.